What Is Illustration? From the Beginning Until Now. Weblink

https://mymodernmet.com/illustration-definition/

Trial Cold Wax Emulsified Paint Formulations

Linssed/ damar resin ( 20% resin by mass), along with a commercial gouache paint (China) , Tergitol (non-ionic surfactant) , water and  beeswax/ Damar / solvent ( 30 g beeswax and 3.0 g damar gum to which 30 ml ethyl acetate at room temperature ).

A small amount of water was added with good stirring for 3-5 minutes. The cream-like paint flows off the brush to bristol paper nicely.

Next: A cold wax derived from castor oil wax, damar and so-called guerbet alcohols ( Sassol) . The guerbet alcohols are bio-degradable beta-branched C16-C20 very low melting liquids.

Chemistry and Art: Carnegie-Mellon University

https://www.cmu.edu/cmnews/extra/060103_chemart.html

Cold Wax Experimental Paint Emulsion

Dammar in linseed oil, water, Span 20 surfactant , commercial watercolor  and commercial cold wax.

Cold Wax Developmental Paint

To a commercial watercolor paint (tube) is added a small amount of water followed by addition of drops of  Tergitol (non-ionic detergent). The material is well-stirred and some "Dorland's Wax Medium" is added along with some 20% dammar resin in linseed oil. At first, it looks like a mess, but keep stirring!  It flows off the brush great and more/ less water can be used. It dries rather quickly to provide a paint with some substance to it. You can go impasto if desired with layers build-up.
I used four different brushes .

Alternative Cold Wax Paint Formulation

Many artists employ 'cold wax' mixed mediums in their expressive work.
The commercial cold wax formulations contain resin ( i.e. dammar gum) along with beeswax and solvent. When mixed with an oil-based paint ( to various ratios of cold wax : paint) , the formulation can be applied to various foundations.

In my approach to a cold wax formulation, I took a commercial watercolor paint (from tube) , diluted with a small amount of water and added drops of the commercial non-ionic surfactant 'tergitol' ( Sigma-Aldrich) . I then added varying amounts of a water-based commercial car wax ( Mother's Carnuaba) and blended well. After mixing well, I added a 20% (mass/mass) solution of dammar gum in linseed oil. After 2-3 minutes of stirring, the paint formulation was applied with brush to bristol paper.  The paint was dry to the touch in 30 minutes.

Shown: a commercial watercolor (tube) manufactured in China, Tergitol surfactant ( Sigma-Aldrich), 'Mother's California Golden' water-based car wax and paint swatch.

I am currently studying various surfactants including 'Tergitol', Span 60 ( Sigma-Aldrich) and soy lecithin. Will a wide range of commercial watercolor pigments work with this proposed mixed mediums formulation?

 

The Mill/ Drawing/ Preparation For Experimental Paint Study

3.5" x3.5" on bristol.
This simple drawing will enable me to test out an alternative 'cold wax' paint formulation.

I will upload a swatch of the paint and the components shortly.

A Study Of Mixed Mediums, Brush Flow and Drying Time

Cold wax (dammar resin in beeswax) and oil paint.

Cold Wax Painting Technique/ Weblink

https://myemail.constantcontact.com/Step-by-step-art-techniques-to-Create-Cold-Wax-Paintings-from-Sherrill-Kahn.html?soid=1101657344491&aid=1zntdTnPwLU

Cold Wax Preparation/ Video

( I substitute citronellol, oil of dill (carvone) or limonene for the solvent mentioned in the video).

Tempera Developmental Paint

I am currently developing various oil: water tempera paint formulations.
For example:  a small amount of commercial watercolor (from a tube) was placed on a palette and an equal amount of water was added to the paint. % drops of 'Span -20' (a commercial non-ionic surfactant sold by Sigma-Aldrich was added and mixed to uniformity (a bout 2-3 minutes).
About 5-7 drops of 20-30% dammar gum ( m/vol in linseed oil)  binder was added and , once again, stirred to a uniform creamy paint formulation.

Below is the drying paint applied to bristol paper:

The left side is paint with some halloysite clay added for a light impasto effect. The right side is the paint alone.

it becomes dry to the touch in about one hour at 20 deg.C.

I clean the paintbrushes with 'Murphy Oil Soap" followed by rinsing with warm water. The paint does allow easy clean-up and it can be applied to undercoat oil pastels for creative blending.

I will upload more information as I proceed.